A cross sectional view of the gascooled reactor concept is shown in figure 3 and a more detailed view is in figwe 4. This approach is similar to the 30 mwhttrgas cooled reactor that is operating in japan and that has gas exit temperatures of 11231223 k saito, 2002. A gas cooled reactor gcr is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. High temperature material irradiations knowledge of graphite behaviour under irradiation is crucial for the operation of gascooled reactors and the development of high temperature reactor technology htr vhtr and fusion. The high temperature gascooled reactor next generation nuclear energy. The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. High temperature gas reactors idaho national laboratory. Computational flow predictions for the lower plenum of a high. High temperature gascooled reactorsnow more than ever. Department of energy office of nuclear energy under doe idaho operations office contract deac0705id14517. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. Firm fhr built upon british advanced gascooled hightemperature reactor agr use agr core, external fuel geometry and refueling designs. Apr 09, 2016 development of the a high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, a concept with more than three decades of history behind it, in 2016 has had several new breakout milestones in china and the u. High temperature pebble bed reactors htpbrs are a certain kind of high temperature gascooled reactor htgr.
One of the new designs is the high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr. The typical high temperature gas cooled reactor core is approximately cylindrical in shape. During the late 1980s, the modular htgr was considered by doe as one of two possible reactor technologies for materials production goodjohn 1991. Consider conditions for which the helium temperature is te 600 k and the convection coefficient at the outer surface of the graphite is h 2000 wim.
High temperature gas cooled reactors htgr are more advantageous than conventional watermoderated thermal reactors. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950c, or more than 1 000c in future. A gascooled reactor gcr is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. Advancement of high temperature gas cooled reactors for grid. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. These fuel element assemblies are in the shape of right hexagonal prisms about 31 in. Current situation of hightemperature gascooled reactors in. Benchmarking of the mit high temperature gas cooled reactor trisocoated particle fuel performance model by michael a. Preliminary economics favorable compared to lwr and gascooled hightemperature reactors. Training course on high temperature gas cooled reactor. In the uk, the magnox was replaced by the advanced gascooled reactor agr, an improved generation 2 gas cooled reactor. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr component. Chinese 10 mw hightemperature gascooled test reactor htr10 high temperature gascooled reactor htgr common features.
Fluoridesaltcooled hightemperature reactors for power and. Integration of hightemperature gascooled reactors into industrial process applications february 2010 idaho national laboratory next generation nuclear plant project idaho falls, idaho 83415 prepared for the u. High temperature gascooled test reactor point design. Mar 31, 2018 in the uk, the magnox was replaced by the advanced gas cooled reactor agr, an improved generation 2 gas cooled reactor. Htgr and including all of the generation iv nuclear reactors have. High temperature gas cooled reactors, pebble bed reactors, reactor core, fuel elements, control rods contents 1. Draft preapplication safety evaluation report for the modular high temperature gas cooled reactor nureg38 was written in early 1989. From these models, a htgr design with a pebble bed core was chosen based on the following qualities. Htgr high temperature gascooled reactor hx heat exchanger htr high temperature reactor ihx intermediate heat exchanger kvk komponentenversuchskreislauf components test circuit form 412. Cost safety due to small core size, all htgrs have limited power levels and utilize passive features to achieve complete shutdown. High temperature gascooled reactors htgr are more advantageous than conventional watermoderated thermal reactors. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr common features. International interest in developing high temperature gas cooled reactors is increasing because they can provide efficient and cost effective electricity and produce hightemperature process heat usable for various industrial applications.
One design under consideration by the very high temperature reactor vhtr program is a modular, prismatic gas cooled reactor. The chinese reactor htrpm high temperature gas cooled reactor. Benchmarking of the mit high temperature gascooled reactor. Over the past five decades, high temperature gascooled reactors htgrs have. No only do you have to have a sufficient mass flow rate to carry away a useable amount of heat. Transuranic waste incineration using high temperature. Technology assessments introduction high temperature reactor htr systems i. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled. Pdf high temperature gascooled test reactor point design.
International interest in developing high temperature gas cooled reactors is increasing because they can provide efficient and cost effective electricity and produce high temperature process heat usable for various industrial applications. Assessment of scale capabilities for hightemperature. Development of the a high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, a concept with more than three decades of history behind it, in 2016 has had several new breakout milestones in china and the u. Significant efforts are underway in several member states to develop high temperature gas cooled reactors htgr based on either pebble bed or prismatic designs. Although there are many other types of reactor cooled by gas, the terms gcr and to a lesser extent gas cooled reactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor the gcr was able to use natural uranium as fuel, enabling the countries that developed them to. All these reactors are primarily fuelled by triso tri isostructural coated particles. Design concept study for innovative high temperature gas. The design of htgrs is different from present light water reactors lwrs and gascooled reactors gcrs resulting in different possible applications. Fluoridesaltcooled hightemperature reactors for power. Benchmarking of the mit high temperature gascooled reactor trisocoated particle fuel performance model by michael a. High temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner. Training course on high temperature gas cooled reactor technology serpong, indonesia 1923 october 2015 ref.
Background high temperature gas cooled reactors htgrs have been built and operated in member states of the international atomic energy agency iaea since as far back as the 1970s, in the form of. In the more than four decades of its operation, the hfr has contributed strongly to this devel op. Setiadipura, workshop evaluasi desain htgr, bapeten, 22 april 20154232015 1. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr component test. Jan 29, 2018 guo wentao, with the paul scherrer institut, delivers a presentation to panel iv of the schiller institutes international conference, fulfilling the dream of mankind, in bad soden, germany. History and promise of high temperature gas cooled reactors. The ngnp reactor core will be either a prismatic graphite block type. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development. A unit producing 3000 mwt is composed of about 4000 fuel element assemblies. Nea benchmark of the modular hightemperature gascooled. Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors there are various iterations on this concept, most notably the vhtr very high temperature reactor, an iaea proposed generation iv design, the pebble bed reactor or the httr in all cases they share a number of common characteristics, so i shall group them under the umbrella of high temperature. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr technology presentation to.
Manual or computer automated image analysis is performed to measure the minimum. Modular hightemperature gascooled reactor power plant kurt. Draft preapplication safety evaluation report for the modular hightemperature gascooled reactor nureg38 was written in early 1989. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr concept is a potential supplement to the light water reactor lwr, and thus it is useful to examine its potential inherent safety and to assess the implications of the accident at the three mile island.
In march 2016 china installed the first of two reactor pressure vessels for a demonstration high temperature, gas cooled htgr pebble. Stawicki submitted to the department of nuclear science and engineering on may 5, 2006 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of. The governors nuclear advisory council mark haynes president, concordia power senior advisor, ngnp industry alliance june, 20. The thermal efficiency of these reactors is higher than that of light water reactors, and their high output temperature can be utilized for other industrial purposes such as hydrogen production and district heating. Nov 01, 2006 advanced gas cooled reactors offer the potential advantage of higher efficiency and enhanced safety over present day nuclear reactors. Classed as a generation iv reactor, it features a fastneutron spectrum and closed fuel cycle for efficient conversion of fertile uranium and management of actinides. Gas cooled fast reactor scheme the gas cooled fast reactor gfr system is a nuclear reactor design which is currently in development.
Benchmarking of the mit high temperature gascooled. The coated particle fuel and reactor technologies as well as safety charac. Gascooled reactors, high temperature gascooled reactors. In 2014, the generation iv international forum confirmed the very high temperature reactor vhtr as one of 6 promising reactor technologies that should be pursued in order to develop advanced reactors suitable for deployment in the 2030s. Gas cooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. One design under consideration by the very high temperature reactor vhtr program is a modular, prismatic gascooled reactor. In france, the ungg was replaced by the pressurized water reactor pwr. The nrc inspection manual, part 9900 states that the application of lbb. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. Stawicki submitted to the department of nuclear science and engineering on may 5, 2006 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of master of science in nuclear. The status of high temperature gas cooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. Integration of high temperature gas cooled reactors into industrial process applications february 2010 idaho national laboratory next generation nuclear plant project idaho falls, idaho 83415 prepared for the u.
High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. Current situation of hightemperature gascooled reactors. There are high temperature gas cooled reactors but i do not think that a simple air cooled reactor, like an air cooled engine, will be able to operate. The hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, as mentioned above in fuel types, is fueled by a mixture of graphite and fuelbearing microspheres. Hightemperature gascooled reactor physics britannica. There are two competitive designs of this reactor type. In addition, this report includes updated information on high temperature gas cooled reactors htgrs at the time of writing, as well as additional. The reactor core can be either a prismatic block reminiscent of a. Pdf high temperature gas cooled reactor regulation. Other articles where hightemperature gascooled reactor is discussed. The gascooled fast reactor gfr system is a nuclear reactor design which is currently in development. Advanced gascooled reactors offer the potential advantage of higher efficiency and enhanced safety over present day nuclear reactors.
In the more than four decades of its operation, the hfr has contributed strongly to. S department of energy doe is conducting research on the very high temperature reactor vhtr design concept for the next generation nuclear plant ngnp project. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr concept is a potential supplement to the light water reactor lwr, and thus it is useful to examine its potential inherent safety and to assess the implications of the accident at the three mile island nuclear generating station a light water reactor on htgr design. Htr10 high temperature gascooled reactor pebble in infinite square lattice uo 2 fuel density. Commercial gas cooled reactors are currently in use only in the united kingdom. Firm fhr built upon british advanced gas cooled high temperature reactor agr use agr core, external fuel geometry and refueling designs. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr component test facility ctf identifier.
The vhtr is a next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors. Fuel format prismatic block with coolant channels and fuel rods. It is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor with thermal neutron spectrum. Investigating high temperature gascooled reactors for.
Transuranic waste incineration using high temperature pebble. Chaplin department of chemical engineering, university of new brunswick, canada keywords. Computational flow predictions for the lower plenum of a. Assessment of scale capabilities for hightemperature reactor. This approach is similar to the 30 mwhttrgas cooled reactor. High temperature material irradiations knowledge of graphite behaviour under irradiation is crucial for the operation of gas cooled reactors and the development of high temperature reactor technology htr vhtr and fusion. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. Preliminary economics favorable compared to lwr and gas cooled high temperature reactors.
Accurate simulation models of these generation iv reactors are necessary for design and licensing. Although there are many other types of reactor cooled by gas, the terms gcr and to a lesser extent gas cooled reactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. The typical high temperature gascooled reactor core is approximately cylindrical in shape. Saltcooled fission and fusion reactor options there are three saltcooled fission and fusion reactor options capable of delivering the hightemperature heat required by naccand thus the potential for improved. The space reactor contains suflicient rhenium a neutron poison to make the reactor subcritical under water immersion accidents without the use of internal shutdown rods. The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr concept is a potential supplement to the light water reactor lwr, and thus it is useful to examine its potential inherent safety and to assess the implications of the accident at the three mile island nuclear generating station a. Small high temperature gascooled reactors with innovative.
This report documents the detailed background information that has been compiled to support the. Htrpm is a 250 mwth twin unit, modular pebble bed reactor, currently being. Gas cooling he, high 700900 c outlet gas temperature several built and operated between 60s and 90s. The design of htgrs is different from present light water reactors lwrs and gas cooled reactors gcrs resulting in different possible applications. Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors daryanenergyblog. High temperature pebble bed reactors htpbrs are a certain kind of high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr. The pin assembly consists of the fuel pin placed in a core matrix hastellay x to form an annular flow passage including a re riinwrap spacer. A small modular nuclear reactor to replace coal plants could be on the market within 5 years. Integration of high temperature gascooled reactors into. Evaluation of high temperature gas cooled reactor performance. Pdf a point design has been developed for a 200mw hightemperature. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above.
432 1317 890 1471 920 1070 281 335 829 981 1172 865 1115 1077 1326 463 677 293 951 1352 1436 789 241 1124 813 816 629 25 1448 244 508 253 1506 441 1343 417 216 172 89 68 409 120 652 1311 1070 1266 837 242